Multi-type assessment of global droughts and teleconnections

Several drought indices have been developed based on various processes (e.g., precipitation, soil moisture, vegetation health) that respond differently to modes of climate variability, shadowing their relatability teleconnections, which in turn, limits forecasting. In this study, we advanced the multivariate analysis droughts by using long-term Terrestrial Water Storage estimates, moisture and precipitation data along with normalized difference index. To end, employed a Vine copula approach Archimedean Elliptical families generate two novel called Combined Standardized Drought Index (CSDI), agricultural, meteorological, hydrological ecological univariate (i.e., Eco-meteo-hydrologic index Agro-meteo-hydrologic index) for 33 major river basins across globe between 1982 2015. overcome challenges associated vine building blocks, exhausted possible choices trees selected superior model variety performance metrics. CSDIs showed an integrated representation revealed more comprehensive improved picture intensity, duration frequency droughts. Our composite El Niño La Niña significant impact regional occurrences globe, highest impacts observed fall. Results also can extract conclusive anomalies response ENSO signals than indices, as they better represent ecosystem teleconnections. • CSDI capture state multiple indices. shows drought. The constructed simulates 3D joint distribution very well. events rationally.